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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Murder of James Young
| image = Fort Acres Farm, Symington, East Ayrshire.JPG
| alt =
| caption = Fort Acres Farm where James Young worked
| birth_name = James Young
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Riccarton, Ayrshire|Riccarton]]
| death_date = Quoted as 16<ref name=tcl/><ref name=ofo>Kellie, Page 141</ref> or 18<ref name=ast/>
| death_place = Country lane near Fortacres Farm, [[Riccarton, Ayrshire]]
| death_cause = [[Exsanguination|Blood loss]] due to [[stab wound]]
| body_discovered = At 4am by two young men
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| monuments =
| residence = Fortacres Farm, [[Gatehead]], [[South Ayrshire]]
| nationality = Scottish
| other_names =
| ethnicity = [[Scottish people|Scottish]]
| citizenship = [[British nationality law|British]]
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Farm labourer
| known_for =
| height = 
| weight = 
| religion = 
| denomination = 
| parents =
| footnotes = Murdered by James McWeelan or McQueen
}}

The teenager '''James Young''' was murdered on or near Blackhill Road near Fortacres Farm (NS 39820 34337) near [[Gatehead, East Ayrshire|Gatehead]], parish of [[Dundonald]] in [[South Ayrshire]] by '''James McWheelan''' also recorded as '''James McQueen'''<ref name=cae>[https://www.facebook.com/CrimeandExecution/photos/pb.141796299313415.-2207520000.1419693695./234269343399443/?type=1 Crime & Execution on Facebook] Accessed : 2015-01-10]</ref> on Friday 26 or the early hours of Saturday 27 May 1848. The site is recorded in one report as being "''on or near''" the [[Toll Road]] leading from the Fort Acres Farm Toll Bar.<ref name=cae/> The parishes boundaries of [[Symington, South Ayrshire|Symington]], [[Dundonald, South Ayrshire|Dundonald]] and [[Riccarton, Ayrshire]] meet in this area.

The name James McWheelan will be used for the sake of consistency.

==James McWheelan or McQueen==
James McWheelan (probably aged 32) was Irish, from [[Dublin]], a gardener at [[Ardrossan]] for several years,<ref>Kellie, Page 146</ref> later an employee at the Glengarnock Iron Works and described at the trial as a "''...rather good looking, stoutly built man..''" who firmly declared himself to be 'Not Guilty' at the trial.<ref name=cae/>

== The murder ==
===The site===
The old Fort Acres bar and [[toll house]] stood close to the at the junction of the road that leads to [[Symington, South Ayrshire|Symington]] and [[Dundonald]]. The road takes a right-angled bend and a track ran off towards the nearby Simon's Burn.<ref>[http://maps.nls.uk/view/74929772 Ayr Sheet XXII.8 (Dundonald) Survey date: 1857. Publication date: 1860.]</ref>

===The act===
James Young was struck repeatedly "''on or near the head''" with a stone or similar object by James WcWheelan and then stabbed in the neck with a carpenter's chisel or similar object resulting in his bleeding to death.<ref name=cae/> He was reported to have both hands filled with grass and earth that he had clutched in his death throes.<ref name=ast/> His body had been found by two young men, John Gebbie and John Scott,<ref name=ofod>Kellie, Page 141</ref> at about 4am on the Saturday, lying in a pool of blood, with a ghastly wound in the neck that had been inflicted with a carpenter’s chisel that was found in a nearby field, together with an unusual pink and patterned [[napkin]] or handkerchief<ref name=off>Kellie, Page 144</ref> that was shown to have been recently in the possession of James McWheelan.<ref name=ast/> The men quickly informed the Fortacres farmer (who identified the victim) and Robert Hendry, the toll keeper.<ref name=ofod/>

A Mr Robert Thom is recorded as having encountered McWheelan who overtook him at a time that would have allowed for him to have been near Fortacres at the time of the murder.<ref name=cae/>

===Manhunt and other crimes===
[[File:Knowehead Cottage, Riccarton.JPG|thumb|left|250px|Knowehead Farm site in 2015.]]
James Mcwheelan had been seen acting suspiciously in the area the afternoon of the day before the murder and having suddenly disappeared he was a logical suspect. McWheelan's description was circulated to the various police stations throughout the country. McWheelan in the meantime had travelled to [[Beith]], arriving on the Saturday after the murder. He gave the stolen silver watch to an acquaintance to [[Pawnbroker|pawn]], drank the proceeds and the next day set off towards [[Paisley]].<ref name=aset/>

A farmer, William Orr, whilst riding passing a toll-bar between [[Beith]] and Paisley on the Sunday, saw McWheelan hurriedly leaving the toll-house having, so it transpired, stolen £35 and a silver watch.<ref name=aset/> Having had his suspicions raised the farmer made enquiries and discovering that a murder and thefts had taken place, turned back, caught up with McWheelan near Paisley and apprehended him, passing him to the police there who quickly discovered his true identity and took him to [[Kilmarnock]].<ref name=aset>Adamson, Page 78</ref> McWheelan was charged with these crimes, the murder and also charged with taking James Young's silver watch, chain, key, etc and fifteen shillings in silver money (worth at least £65 in 2013<ref>[http://www.measuringworth.com/ppoweruk/ Measuring Worth] Accessed : 2015-01-10</ref>).<ref name=cae/>

==Background==
James Young was employed as farm servant by Joseph Smith at Fortacres Farm, recorded as 'Forty acres' in at least one report.<ref name=cae/> On '[[Dudsday|Dudd's-day]]' the hiring fair was taking place at [[Kilmarnock]]<ref name=dos>[http://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/dudsday Dictionary of the Scots Language] Accessed : 2015-01-10</ref> and James had gained permission to visit his home at Knowehead in [[Riccarton, Ayrshire|Riccarton]]. After walking the few miles he arrived at 7am and stayed with John, his father, his mother and family members until around 10.30pm that evening when he set off to return Fortacres Farm. James however never made it back to his place of work.<ref name=ast/>

It is not recorded exactly why James was carrying as much as '15 shillings in silver', a relatively large sum of money or if the robbery and murder were premeditated or occurred as a result of a random act. Being the [[Kilmarnock]] [[Dudsday|Dudd's-day]] Fair when hiring etc. of farm labourers etc took place it would certainly have been a prime opportunity to commit acts of robbery.

The 'Ayr Advertiser' in 1820 stated that "''Friday was the “[[Dudsday]]” fair in Kilmarnock, that is, the fair at which the country servants spend their former half year's wages in new clothes.''"<ref name=dos/>

==Trial, sentence and execution==
[[File:Riccarton Parish Cemetery.JPG|thumb|250px|Riccarton parish cemetery.]]
James McWheelan firmly declared himself to be 'Not Guilty' at the trial held in [[Ayr]] and no fewer than 93 witnesses were cited. Great interest had been created due to the "''...peculiar barbarity and wantonness of the crime.''"<ref name=cae/> The chisel, a napkin found on the road and the silver watch belonging to the murdered man were all known to have been in the possession of the accused man.<ref name=cae/> It took the jury only half an hour to return a unanimous verdict of guilty.<ref name=cae/>

John Crawford, a barber in [[Beith]] related how James had forced his way to the front of the queue of waiting customers to have his beard shaved off as if to disguise himself.<ref>Kellie, Page 143</ref>

James McWheelan, aged 32, was sentenced to be hanged in Ayr at 7am on Thursday, 26th October 1848.<ref name=cae/> He repeatedly admitted and retracted his guilt and tried to commit suicide several times.<ref>Kellie, Page 145</ref>

Two days before the sentence was to be carried out McWheelan became very religious<ref name=tcl/> and on the day itself, upon his head being covered with the hood and the rope around his neck, he stood praying beneath the gallows for 15 minutes with no one being quite was quite sure if he should be interrupted as he was supposed to drop a handkerchief to signal that he was ready.<ref>Kellie, Page 148</ref> The Provost of Ayr finally lost patience and shouted, ''"Do your duty, executioner.''" John Murdoch, the hangman, then pulled the lever.<ref name=tcl>[http://www.truecrimelibrary.com/crime_series_show.php?id=461&series_number=3 Victorian Hangings]</ref> He maintained his innocence and died without an admission of guilt for his crimes.<ref name=aset/>

==Aftermath==
Such was the notoriety of the murder and sympathy for the victim that passers by took to leaving a stone at the spot to create a cairn (NS 39979 34140) that grew to a fairly considerable size. The cairn is no longer apparent as the site has sadly attracted random dumping of various materials over the years.

Adamson's comment in his 'Rambles Round Kilmarnock' was that the cairn ''".. marks the spot where one of the most cold-blooded and heartless murders that ever stained the annals of our country."''<ref name=ast>Adamson, Page 77</ref>

==See also==
*[[Beith]]

{{-}}

== References ==
;Notes
{{reflist|3}}

;Sources
{{refbegin}}
* Adamson, Archibald R. (1875). ''Rambles Round Kilmarnock.'' Kilmarnock : T. Stevenson.
* Kellie, John (2013). ''Ayrshire Echoes.'' Auchinleck : Carn Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9567550-5-6.
{{refend}}

==External links==
:* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVfPKlJU1RA] Commentary and video on the murder.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Young, James}}
[[Category:1848 in Scotland|Murder of James Young]]
[[Category:Deaths by person]]
[[Category:History of North Ayrshire]]
[[Category:Murder in Scotland]]
[[Category:Murder trials]]
[[Category:Trials in Great Britain]]
[[Category:Trials in Scotland]]
[[Category:People murdered in Scotland]]

Murder of James Young - Revision history

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